更年期与乳腺癌
Breast cancer treatment often causes women to enter 更年期 过早. 停止激素替代治疗或接受化疗或激素治疗引起的激素水平变化和雌激素耗尽会引发通常与更年期相关的副作用.
虽然每个妇女对治疗的反应是个别的，某些副作用是常见的. 我们希望这些信息将为您提供有用的提示，以帮助您管理您可能正在经历的任何副作用.
Before implementing these management strategies, 请与您的利来登录或护士讨论您的具体症状，并询问您可能有任何问题. If you are seeing a complementary or alternative medicine practitioner, 请让我们知道您使用的是什么，以便我们将这些信息纳入您的护理计划.
潮热
Hot flashes are probably the most common side effect of 更年期. 触发因素包括辛辣食物、咖啡因、酒精、紧身衣服、炎热和压力. Try to avoid these things as best you can if your hot flashes are bothersome.
食物, 比如豆制品(豆浆, 豆腐, 大豆)和亚麻籽(磨碎的或油状的)已被证明可以减少一些女性的潮热. Experiment with these in your 饮食 if possible. 我们有关于豆制品以及如何将其纳入饮食的有益的书面材料.
晚上潮热更严重，但一些简单的事情可以让你感觉更舒服:
- Wear cotton pajamas and sleep with a fan on in a cool room
- Use cotton flannel or "T-shirt" sheets to absorb moisture
- 把换过的床单和睡衣放在靠近你的床的地方，这样如果它们被汗水弄湿了，你就可以很快换掉
- Take a warm bath or shower before bed
放松的反应, which includes deep abdominal breathing, has been shown to have many beneficial health effects, including minimizing hot flashes. 它将帮助你保持冷静，并可能避免或减轻潮热的严重程度. 尽量花时间, 慢, 深呼吸, seven to eight breaths per minute if possible, when you feel a hot flash coming on. Continue to do so for 15 minutes.
继续阅读
Daily exercise may also reduce hot flashes. Aerobic exercise for at least 20 to 30 minutes a day, at least 一周三次 is our recommendation. Aerobic exercise includes walking, 运行, 游泳, 骑自行车或任何其他运动，保持你的心率提高了一段时间.
我们有一份关于有氧运动的信息表，对你会很有帮助. If you do 不 have a regular exercise program already, 请咨询你的利来登录或护士，看看哪种运动对你最合适.
There are prescription medications that provide a benefit to some women. A current example is venlafaxine (Effexor). This medication is an antidepressant and in low doses, also can decrease the frequency and severity of hot flashes.
睡眠障碍
Hot flashes can interrupt a healthy night sleep, and 失眠 是很常见的. Some tips to help you avoid 失眠 include:
- Only go to bed when you are tired.
- 只在床上睡觉. Do 不 read, eat or watch television.
- Get up at the same time every day despite 不 having had a good night's sleep.
- 如果你无法入睡, do 不 stay in bed longer than 15 minutes, 而是站起来, go into a不her room and only go back to bed when you are tired.
- 如果可能的话，尽量避免服用安眠药，但如果有必要，一定要遵照指示.
- 避免咖啡、可乐和巧克力等含咖啡因的食物，尤其是在晚上.
- Avoid nicotine and alcohol especially at nighttime.
- Regular exercise is helpful.
性的困难
缺乏雌激素和睾酮会导致许多副作用，干扰性欲和性功能. 性欲(或性欲)下降是很常见的，许多作者说这可能与雌激素和睾酮水平下降有关.
Vaginal dryness often causes discomfort and irritation, vaginal discharge or infection and pain during sexual intercourse. Try using a non-prescription, 以水为基础的阴道润滑剂，如Astroglide或K-Y果冻，以减少性交时的疼痛. Oil-based lubricants like Vaseline are 不 推荐. 带有香味、酒精或其他添加剂的柜台产品也应避免. Replens is a vaginal moisturizer that can help with dryness as well.
如果你对如何使用这些产品有疑问，请咨询你的利来登录或护士. 你也可以和你的利来登录讨论需要处方的产品——例如含有低剂量睾酮或极低剂量雌激素的外用药膏.
We have an informative sheet on "Sexuality and Cancer" which is a good resource. The booklet "Sexuality and Cancer: For the Woman Who Has Cancer and Her Partner," by the American Cancer Society, is an excellent source of information as well.
焦虑和情绪变化
Exercise, again, will help to stabilize your mood changes and reduce anxiety. If you have difficulty doing 20 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise, 一周三次, 然后从你觉得舒服的开始，当你准备好的时候，试着增加你的锻炼计划.
通过深呼吸唤起放松反应也会帮助你放松, reduce anxiety and stabilize mood changes.
Talking with a professional also is 推荐.
内存问题
Difficulty with memory 是很常见的 in mid-life, but especially during 更年期. 帮助你弥补记忆挑战的工具包括:
- 使任务列表
- Keeping a detailed calendar
- Having designated places for important things like keys, wallets and glasses
- 在门上留下一个提醒，检查炉子和其他电器，确保它们处于关闭状态
- Maintaining good nutrition and hydration
- Keeping your brain active by reading and conversing with others
预防骨质疏松症
骨质疏松症 is a risk for all women as they age. 然而, women with breast cancer must be especially cautious, 因为大多数利来登录建议他们避免服用有助于预防骨质疏松症的额外激素.
Certain drugs like alendronate (Fosamax), calcitonin and raloxifene (Evista) can help increase calcium levels. 这些药物可能适合你，但应该与你的利来登录讨论. 最后, 保持健康的饮食和经常锻炼有助于预防骨折和保持骨骼强度.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. 它仅用于教育目的，不打算取代您的利来登录或其他卫生保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论任何问题或担忧.
