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University of California San Francisco
Patient Education

Taking Charge: What Is Ovarian Cancer?

Related Conditions
Breast Cancer
Ovarian Cancer

卵巢癌是一种始于卵巢的恶性肿瘤. 卵巢产生卵子,也是雌性激素的主要来源, estrogen and progesterone. Most ovarian cancers, however, develop from the tissue on the surface of the ovary, called the epithelium, not in the cells that make hormones and eggs.

Types of Ovarian Tumors

许多类型的肿瘤可以开始在卵巢中生长. 其中一些是良性的(非癌性的),可以通过手术切除来治愈. 其他类型的卵巢肿瘤是恶性的(癌性的),可能会扩散到全身. 这些恶性肿瘤需要更复杂的治疗.

Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (EOC)

The most common ovarian cancer, epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC), arises in the epithelial cells that cover the ovary. It accounts for 90 percent of ovarian cancers. 镜下EOC可分为浆液型、黏液型、子宫内膜样和透明细胞型. 有些eoc不能归为这四类之一. 他们被称为无差异的eoc,他们往往增长和传播得更快.

除了按细胞类型进行分类,EOCs还被给予分级和分期. 在1、2或3的级别上,细胞在显微镜下的样子决定了它们的等级. Grade 1 EOC, which more closely resembles normal tissue, tends to have a better prognosis, or outlook. 3级EOC与正常组织的相似度较低,其外观通常较差.

肿瘤期描述了肿瘤从卵巢开始扩散的距离.

还有一种特殊的EOC类别,叫做临界EOC,或0级EOC. 这种类型的EOC可以通过手术治疗,对化疗或放疗没有反应.

Germ Cell Tumors

这些肿瘤是从产生卵子的细胞开始的. 无生殖细胞瘤是最常见的生殖细胞卵巢癌, 但它只占所有卵巢癌的2%. 它通常影响青少年和20多岁的女性.

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When they are limited to the ovary, 95%以上的不育瘤是通过卵巢切除手术治愈的. 如果肿瘤扩散,手术和化疗可以治愈90%的患者.

一种叫做未成熟畸胎瘤的恶性肿瘤可能发生在女孩和年轻女性身上, usually younger than 18. 如果病变局限于卵巢,通常可以通过手术切除来治愈. 如果已经扩散,建议在手术的同时进行化疗.

Two other very rare types of germ cell tumors, 内胚层窦肿瘤(卵黄囊肿瘤)及绒毛膜癌, also affect girls and young women. 它们倾向于迅速生长和扩散,但通常对化疗反应很好.

Stromal Tumors

These uncommon tumors, which are sometimes cancerous, 从连接卵巢并产生雌性激素的结缔组织细胞开始. 间质瘤常产生雌性激素,有时产生雄性激素. 它们会导致阴道出血在绝经后恢复, 或者会导致年轻女孩月经周期和乳房发育. If male hormones are produced, 肿瘤会扰乱正常的月经周期,导致面部和身体的毛发生长.

癌性间质瘤包括颗粒细胞瘤, granulosa-theca tumors, and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. These tumors tend to be low-grade cancers.

Read More:

  • Next section of Taking Charge: Who Gets Ovarian Cancer?

Return to the Taking Charge Index

  • What Is Breast Cancer?
  • Who Gets Breast Cancer?
  • If You Are at High Risk for Breast Cancer
  • Screening for Breast Cancer
  • How Is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?
  • How Is Breast Cancer Treated?
  • What Is Ovarian Cancer?
  • Who Gets Ovarian Cancer?
  • If You Are at High Risk for Ovarian Cancer
  • Screening for Ovarian Cancer
  • How Is Ovarian Cancer Diagnosed?
  • How is Ovarian Cancer Treated?
  • Living With Cancer
  • Diet, Lifestyle and Cancer
  • Glossary of Terms

加州大学旧金山分校的健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. 它只是出于教育目的,并不打算取代你的利来登录或其他卫生保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论任何问题或关注.

Recommended reading

Basic Facts About Breast Health

了解乳房结构和功能的基本情况,以及如何区分不同类型和阶段的乳腺癌.

Breast Cancer Glossary

请查阅我们全面的乳腺癌术语表, 包括从AC化疗到周围神经病变的所有定义.

Breast Cancer Risk Factors

现在点击查看增加患乳腺癌风险因素的摘要, 包括我们不能改变和我们可以改变的因素.

Self-Care and Recovery

自我护理和恢复资源包括介绍生活方式的改变, Nutrition and Breast Cancer, Hydration: Water and Health, Meditation and more.

Breast Reconstruction

Breast reconstruction, surgery to rebuild a breast's shape, 通常是乳房切除术后的一种选择,并且有一些健康保险计划覆盖. Learn more now.

Follow-Up Care for Breast Cancer Patients

在患者完成早期乳腺癌治疗后, one of the common questions is, "How should I best be monitored?" Learn more here.

Mastectomy: Instructions Before Surgery

以下信息将帮助您为即将到来的乳房切除手术做好准备. 如有任何疑问,请与乳腺护理中心工作人员联系.

Mastectomy: Instructions After Surgery

Post Mastectomy surgery instructions including, pain management, incision and dressing care, activity, diet, follow-up care and more.

Menopause and Breast Cancer

乳腺癌治疗通常会导致女性过早进入更年期. 虽然每个女性对治疗的反应都是不同的,但某些副作用是常见的.

Metastatic Breast Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment

转移性乳腺癌是指起源于乳腺并扩散到身体其他器官系统的癌症. Learn more here.

Navigating Your Path to Breast Care

在乳腺保健和乳腺癌治疗的不同阶段需要不同的服务和信息. Learn more here.

Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer

UCSF Carol Franc Buck乳腺护理中心和放射肿瘤科已经汇编了关于放射治疗的信息,以方便您.

Related clinics

Breast Care Center

Berkeley Outpatient Center

3100 San Pablo Ave., Suite 430
Berkeley, CA 94702

(415) 353-7070

Gynecologic Oncology Center

Bakar Precision Cancer Medicine Building

请浏览我们在旧金山湾区的所有3家分店,了解更多关于该中心的信息.

(415) 353-9600

Attention: Masks On!

如果你是我们利来登录或诊所的病人或访客, you're required to wear a mask indoors.

Did you know?

由加州大学旧金山分校神经学家开发的绘制人类大脑地图的尖端技术帮助我们定位语言, motor and sensory functions and make surgery safer, more precise and less invasive. 脑电图有朝一日可能会引导癫痫患者恢复健康脑神经回路的疗法, depression, stroke and other conditions.

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