
Taking Charge: What Is Ovarian Cancer?
卵巢癌是一种始于卵巢的恶性肿瘤. 卵巢产生卵子,也是雌性激素的主要来源, estrogen and progesterone. Most ovarian cancers, however, develop from the tissue on the surface of the ovary, called the epithelium, not in the cells that make hormones and eggs.
Types of Ovarian Tumors
许多类型的肿瘤可以开始在卵巢中生长. 其中一些是良性的(非癌性的),可以通过手术切除来治愈. 其他类型的卵巢肿瘤是恶性的(癌性的),可能会扩散到全身. 这些恶性肿瘤需要更复杂的治疗.
Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (EOC)
The most common ovarian cancer, epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC), arises in the epithelial cells that cover the ovary. It accounts for 90 percent of ovarian cancers. 镜下EOC可分为浆液型、黏液型、子宫内膜样和透明细胞型. 有些eoc不能归为这四类之一. 他们被称为无差异的eoc,他们往往增长和传播得更快.
除了按细胞类型进行分类,EOCs还被给予分级和分期. 在1、2或3的级别上,细胞在显微镜下的样子决定了它们的等级. Grade 1 EOC, which more closely resembles normal tissue, tends to have a better prognosis, or outlook. 3级EOC与正常组织的相似度较低,其外观通常较差.
肿瘤期描述了肿瘤从卵巢开始扩散的距离.
还有一种特殊的EOC类别,叫做临界EOC,或0级EOC. 这种类型的EOC可以通过手术治疗,对化疗或放疗没有反应.
Germ Cell Tumors
这些肿瘤是从产生卵子的细胞开始的. 无生殖细胞瘤是最常见的生殖细胞卵巢癌, 但它只占所有卵巢癌的2%. 它通常影响青少年和20多岁的女性.
When they are limited to the ovary, 95%以上的不育瘤是通过卵巢切除手术治愈的. 如果肿瘤扩散,手术和化疗可以治愈90%的患者.
一种叫做未成熟畸胎瘤的恶性肿瘤可能发生在女孩和年轻女性身上, usually younger than 18. 如果病变局限于卵巢,通常可以通过手术切除来治愈. 如果已经扩散,建议在手术的同时进行化疗.
Two other very rare types of germ cell tumors, 内胚层窦肿瘤(卵黄囊肿瘤)及绒毛膜癌, also affect girls and young women. 它们倾向于迅速生长和扩散,但通常对化疗反应很好.
Stromal Tumors
These uncommon tumors, which are sometimes cancerous, 从连接卵巢并产生雌性激素的结缔组织细胞开始. 间质瘤常产生雌性激素,有时产生雄性激素. 它们会导致阴道出血在绝经后恢复, 或者会导致年轻女孩月经周期和乳房发育. If male hormones are produced, 肿瘤会扰乱正常的月经周期,导致面部和身体的毛发生长.
癌性间质瘤包括颗粒细胞瘤, granulosa-theca tumors, and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. These tumors tend to be low-grade cancers.
Read More:
- Next section of Taking Charge: Who Gets Ovarian Cancer?
Return to the Taking Charge Index
- What Is Breast Cancer?
- Who Gets Breast Cancer?
- If You Are at High Risk for Breast Cancer
- Screening for Breast Cancer
- How Is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?
- How Is Breast Cancer Treated?
- What Is Ovarian Cancer?
- Who Gets Ovarian Cancer?
- If You Are at High Risk for Ovarian Cancer
- Screening for Ovarian Cancer
- How Is Ovarian Cancer Diagnosed?
- How is Ovarian Cancer Treated?
- Living With Cancer
- Diet, Lifestyle and Cancer
- Glossary of Terms
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